国际标准化组织 3104-2020: Methods of test for petroleum and its products – Petroleum products – Transparent and opaque liquids – Determination of kinematic viscosity
前言
国际标准化组织 (国际标准化组织) 是国家标准机构的全球联盟 (ISO成员机构). 国际标准的制定通常通过ISO技术委员会进行. 对已成立技术委员会的主题感兴趣的每个成员机构都有权在委员会中派代表参加. 与标准化组织联络的政府和非政府国际组织也参与了这项工作. ISO 与国际电工委员会密切合作 (国际电工委员会) 关于电气标准化的所有问题.
用于制定本文件的程序以及用于进一步维护的程序在第 1 部分中进行了描述。 1 ISO/IEC 指令的. 尤其, 应注意不同类型ISO文件所需的不同批准标准. 本文件根据部分编辑规则起草 2 ISO/IEC 指令的 (请参阅 iso.org/directives).
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国际标准化组织 3104-2020: Methods of test for petroleum and its products – Petroleum products – Transparent and opaque liquids – Determination of kinematic viscosity
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自主性, related standards and conformity assessment related ISO specific and express the meaning of terminology as well as in relevant ISO technical barriers to trade (技术性贸易壁垒) 坚持世界贸易组织原则 (世贸组织) 信息, please refer to the iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document is prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 28, Petroleum and related products, fuels and lubricants of natural or synthetic origin.
The third edition cancels and replaces the second edition of the technical revision (国际标准化组织 3104:1994).
与上一版相比, the main changes are as follows:
– Accuracy data has been updated to all actual fuels in the market;
– Biodiesel (FAME) blends and paraffin diesel are included in the scope;
– Includes process description and permission for automation technology.
有关本文件的任何反馈或问题应直接提交给用户的国家标准机构. 这些机构的完整列表可以在iso.org/members.html上找到.
国际标准化组织 3104-2020: Methods of test for petroleum and its products – Petroleum products – Transparent and opaque liquids – Determination of kinematic viscosity
介绍
Many petroleum products and some non-petroleum materials are used as lubricants, and the proper operation of the equipment depends on the proper viscosity of the liquid used. 此外, the viscosity of many petroleum fuels is very important for estimating better storage, handling, and operating conditions. 所以, the importance of accurate measurement of viscosity for many product specifications cannot be overstated.
Warnings This document is not intended to address all safety concerns, 如果有的话, 与其使用相关. It is the responsibility of the user of this document to take appropriate steps to ensure the safety and health of personnel and to determine the applicability of any other restrictions before applying this document.
1 范围
This document specifies procedure A for the use of a manual glass visvisometer and procedure B for the use of a glass capillary visvisometer in an automated assembly to determine the kinematic viscosity ν of transparent and opaque liquid petroleum products by measuring the time of a given volume of liquid in a gravimetrically overcalibrated glass capillary visvisometer. The dynamic viscosity η is obtained by multiplying the measured kinematic viscosity by the density ρ of the liquid. The test method covers kinematic viscosity ranging from 0.2 mm2/s to 300 000 mm2/s over a temperature range from -20 °C to +150 ℃.
Note that the results obtained from this document depend on the behavior of the sample and are intended to be applied to liquids where shear stress and shear rate are proportional (Newtonian flow behavior). 然而, if the viscosity varies significantly with the shear rate, different results can be obtained from viscometers with different capillary diameters. Program and precision values have been included for residual fuel oils, which in some cases exhibit non-Newtonian behavior.
国际标准化组织 3104-2020: Methods of test for petroleum and its products – Petroleum products – Transparent and opaque liquids – Determination of kinematic viscosity
2 规范性引用文件
The following documents are referenced in the text in such a way that some or all of their contents constitute the requirements of this document. 对于注明日期的参考文献, 仅引用的版本适用. 对于未注明日期的参考文献, 引用的新版本 (包括任何修订) 适用.
国际标准化组织 3105, glass capillary kinematic viscometers-Specifications and operating instructions
国际标准化组织 3696:1987, Analytical laboratory water use. 规格及测试方法
ASTM E1137, Standard specification for Industrial Platinum Resistance Thermometers
ASTM E2877, Standard Guide for Digital Contact Thermometers
国际标准化组织 3104-2020: Methods of test for petroleum and its products – Petroleum products – Transparent and opaque liquids – Determination of kinematic viscosity
3 术语和定义
就本文件而言, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO 和 IEC 在以下地址维护标准化术语数据库:
– ISO online browsing platform: 参见 iso.org/obp
– IEC电子百科全书: available at electropedia.org
3.1 Kinematic viscosity ν
The resistance of a fluid to flow under gravity
评论 1: For a gravity flow at a given static pressure head, the pressure head of a liquid is proportional to its density ρ. For any particular viscometer, the flow time of a fixed volume of fluid is proportional to its kinematic viscosity, ν :
ν = η/ρ
笔记 2: where η is the dynamic viscosity coefficient.
3.2 Dynamic viscosity
Dynamic viscosity coefficient
Viscosity η
国际标准化组织 3104-2020: Methods of test for petroleum and its products – Petroleum products – Transparent and opaque liquids – Determination of kinematic viscosity
The ratio between the applied shear stress and the shear rate of the liquid
笔记 1: It is a measure of resistance to liquid flow or deformation.
评论 2: The term dynamic viscosity is also used in different contexts to denote frequency-dependent quantities in which shear stress and shear rate have sinusoidal time dependence.
3.3 Density ρ
Mass per unit volume of material at a given temperature