ISO 3104-2020: Methods of test for petroleum and its products – Petroleum products – Transparent and opaque liquids – Determination of kinematic viscosity
A Prakata
ISO (Pertubuhan Antarabangsa untuk Standardisasi) adalah perikatan global badan standard kebangsaan (Badan ahli ISO). Pembangunan piawaian antarabangsa biasanya dijalankan melalui jawatankuasa teknikal ISO. Setiap institusi ahli yang berminat dalam subjek yang mana jawatankuasa teknikal telah ditubuhkan mempunyai hak untuk diwakili dalam jawatankuasa. Pertubuhan Antarabangsa Kerajaan dan Bukan Kerajaan yang Liaisasikan dengan Pertubuhan Standardisasi juga terlibat dalam kerja ini. ISO bekerjasama rapat dengan Suruhanjaya Elektroteknikal Antarabangsa (IEC) mengenai semua perkara standardisasi elektrik.
Prosedur yang digunakan untuk membangunkan dokumen ini serta yang digunakan untuk penyelenggaraan selanjutnya diterangkan sebahagiannya 1 Arahan ISO/IEC. khususnya, perhatian harus diberikan kepada kriteria kelulusan berbeza yang diperlukan untuk pelbagai jenis dokumen ISO. Dokumen ini telah digubal mengikut peraturan editorial Bahagian 2 Arahan ISO/IEC (lihat iso.org/directives).
Sila ambil perhatian bahawa kandungan tertentu dokumen ini mungkin tertakluk kepada hak paten. ISO tidak bertanggungjawab untuk mengenal pasti mana-mana atau semua hak paten tersebut. Butiran mengenai hak paten yang dikenal pasti semasa pembangunan dokumen itu akan berada dalam pengenalan dan/atau dalam senarai ISO tuntutan paten yang diterima (see.iso.org/patents).
ISO 3104-2020: Methods of test for petroleum and its products – Petroleum products – Transparent and opaque liquids – Determination of kinematic viscosity
Sebarang nama perdagangan yang digunakan dalam dokumen ini disediakan sebagai maklumat untuk kemudahan pengguna dan tidak menjadi pengesahan.
Voluntary, related standards and conformity assessment related ISO specific and express the meaning of terminology as well as in relevant ISO technical barriers to trade (TBT) mematuhi prinsip organisasi perdagangan dunia (WTO) maklumat, please refer to the iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
Dokumen ini disediakan oleh Jawatankuasa Teknikal ISO/TC 28, Petroleum and related products, fuels and lubricants of natural or synthetic origin.
The third edition cancels and replaces the second edition of the technical revision (ISO 3104:1994).
Compared with the previous edition, the main changes are as follows:
– Accuracy data has been updated to all actual fuels in the market;
– Biodiesel (FAME) blends and paraffin diesel are included in the scope;
– Includes process description and permission for automation technology.
Any feedback or questions regarding this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A full list of these agencies can be found at iso.org/members.html.
ISO 3104-2020: Methods of test for petroleum and its products – Petroleum products – Transparent and opaque liquids – Determination of kinematic viscosity
pengenalan
Many petroleum products and some non-petroleum materials are used as lubricants, and the proper operation of the equipment depends on the proper viscosity of the liquid used. Sebagai tambahan, the viscosity of many petroleum fuels is very important for estimating better storage, handling, and operating conditions. Oleh itu, the importance of accurate measurement of viscosity for many product specifications cannot be overstated.
Warnings This document is not intended to address all safety concerns, jika ada, dikaitkan dengan penggunaannya. It is the responsibility of the user of this document to take appropriate steps to ensure the safety and health of personnel and to determine the applicability of any other restrictions before applying this document.
1 Skop
This document specifies procedure A for the use of a manual glass visvisometer and procedure B for the use of a glass capillary visvisometer in an automated assembly to determine the kinematic viscosity ν of transparent and opaque liquid petroleum products by measuring the time of a given volume of liquid in a gravimetrically overcalibrated glass capillary visvisometer. The dynamic viscosity η is obtained by multiplying the measured kinematic viscosity by the density ρ of the liquid. The test method covers kinematic viscosity ranging from 0.2 mm2/s to 300 000 mm2/s over a temperature range from -20 °C to +150 °C.
Note that the results obtained from this document depend on the behavior of the sample and are intended to be applied to liquids where shear stress and shear rate are proportional (Newtonian flow behavior). Namun begitu, if the viscosity varies significantly with the shear rate, different results can be obtained from viscometers with different capillary diameters. Program and precision values have been included for residual fuel oils, which in some cases exhibit non-Newtonian behavior.
ISO 3104-2020: Methods of test for petroleum and its products – Petroleum products – Transparent and opaque liquids – Determination of kinematic viscosity
2 Rujukan normatif
The following documents are referenced in the text in such a way that some or all of their contents constitute the requirements of this document. Untuk rujukan bertarikh, hanya versi yang dipetik digunakan. Untuk rujukan tidak bertarikh, versi baru rujukannya (termasuk sebarang semakan) berlaku.
ISO 3105, glass capillary kinematic viscometers-Specifications and operating instructions
ISO 3696:1987, Analytical laboratory water use. Spesifikasi dan kaedah ujian
ASTM E1137, Standard specification for Industrial Platinum Resistance Thermometers
ASTM E2877, Standard Guide for Digital Contact Thermometers
ISO 3104-2020: Methods of test for petroleum and its products – Petroleum products – Transparent and opaque liquids – Determination of kinematic viscosity
3 Terma dan definisi
Untuk tujuan dokumen ini, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO dan IEC mengekalkan pangkalan data terminologi untuk penyeragaman di alamat berikut:
– Platform pelayaran dalam talian ISO: available at iso.org/obp
– IEC Electronic Encyclopedia: available at electropedia.org
3.1 Kinematic viscosity ν
The resistance of a fluid to flow under gravity
Teguran 1: For a gravity flow at a given static pressure head, the pressure head of a liquid is proportional to its density ρ. For any particular viscometer, the flow time of a fixed volume of fluid is proportional to its kinematic viscosity, ν :
ν = η/ρ
Catatan 2: where η is the dynamic viscosity coefficient.
3.2 Dynamic viscosity
Dynamic viscosity coefficient
Viscosity η
ISO 3104-2020: Methods of test for petroleum and its products – Petroleum products – Transparent and opaque liquids – Determination of kinematic viscosity
The ratio between the applied shear stress and the shear rate of the liquid
Catatan 1: It is a measure of resistance to liquid flow or deformation.
Teguran 2: The term dynamic viscosity is also used in different contexts to denote frequency-dependent quantities in which shear stress and shear rate have sinusoidal time dependence.
3.3 Density ρ
Mass per unit volume of material at a given temperature