ISO 3104-2020: Methods of test for petroleum and its products – Petroleum products – Transparent and opaque liquids – Determination of kinematic viscosity

ISO 3104-2020: Methods of test for petroleum and its products – Petroleum products – Transparent and opaque liquids – Determination of kinematic viscosity

Una prefazione
ISO (Organizzazione internazionale per la standardizzazione) è un'alleanza globale di organismi di normalizzazione nazionali (Organismi membri dell'ISO). Lo sviluppo di standard internazionali viene solitamente effettuato attraverso i comitati tecnici ISO. Ciascuna istituzione associata interessata ad un argomento sul quale è stato costituito un comitato tecnico ha il diritto di essere rappresentata nel comitato. In questo lavoro sono coinvolte anche organizzazioni internazionali governative e non governative che collaborano con le organizzazioni di standardizzazione. L'ISO lavora a stretto contatto con la Commissione Elettrotecnica Internazionale (CEI) su tutte le questioni di standardizzazione elettrica.

Le procedure utilizzate per la realizzazione del presente documento così come quelle utilizzate per la successiva manutenzione sono descritte nella Part 1 della Direttiva ISO/IEC. In particolare, occorre prestare attenzione ai diversi criteri di approvazione richiesti per i diversi tipi di documenti ISO. Il presente documento è stato redatto in conformità alle regole redazionali della Part 2 della Direttiva ISO/IEC (vedere iso.org/directives).

Si tenga presente che alcuni contenuti del presente documento potrebbero essere soggetti a diritti di brevetto. L'ISO non è responsabile dell'identificazione di alcuni o tutti questi diritti di brevetto. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the introduction and/or in the ISO list of patent claims received (see.iso.org/patents).

ISO 3104-2020: Methods of test for petroleum and its products – Petroleum products – Transparent and opaque liquids – Determination of kinematic viscosity

Tutti i nomi commerciali utilizzati nel presente documento vengono forniti come informazioni per comodità dell'utente e non costituiscono un'approvazione.

Volontario, Standard correlati e valutazione della conformità ISO Specificati ed esprimono il significato della terminologia, nonché nelle pertinenti barriere tecniche ISO al commercio (TBT) aderire al principio dell'organizzazione del commercio mondiale (OMC) informazioni, please refer to the iso.org/iso/foreword.html.

This document is prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 28, Petroleum and related products, fuels and lubricants of natural or synthetic origin.

The third edition cancels and replaces the second edition of the technical revision (ISO 3104:1994).

Compared with the previous edition, the main changes are as follows:

– Accuracy data has been updated to all actual fuels in the market;

– Biodiesel (FAME) blends and paraffin diesel are included in the scope;

– Includes process description and permission for automation technology.

Any feedback or questions regarding this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A full list of these agencies can be found at iso.org/members.html.

ISO 3104-2020: Methods of test for petroleum and its products – Petroleum products – Transparent and opaque liquids – Determination of kinematic viscosity

introduzione
Many petroleum products and some non-petroleum materials are used as lubricants, and the proper operation of the equipment depends on the proper viscosity of the liquid used. Inoltre, the viscosity of many petroleum fuels is very important for estimating better storage, handling, and operating conditions. Perciò, the importance of accurate measurement of viscosity for many product specifications cannot be overstated.

Warnings This document is not intended to address all safety concerns, se presente, legati al suo utilizzo. It is the responsibility of the user of this document to take appropriate steps to ensure the safety and health of personnel and to determine the applicability of any other restrictions before applying this document.

1 Scopo
This document specifies procedure A for the use of a manual glass visvisometer and procedure B for the use of a glass capillary visvisometer in an automated assembly to determine the kinematic viscosity ν of transparent and opaque liquid petroleum products by measuring the time of a given volume of liquid in a gravimetrically overcalibrated glass capillary visvisometer. The dynamic viscosity η is obtained by multiplying the measured kinematic viscosity by the density ρ of the liquid. The test method covers kinematic viscosity ranging from 0.2 mm2/s to 300 000 mm2/s over a temperature range from -20 °C to +150 °C.

Note that the results obtained from this document depend on the behavior of the sample and are intended to be applied to liquids where shear stress and shear rate are proportional (Newtonian flow behavior). Tuttavia, if the viscosity varies significantly with the shear rate, different results can be obtained from viscometers with different capillary diameters. Program and precision values have been included for residual fuel oils, which in some cases exhibit non-Newtonian behavior.

ISO 3104-2020: Methods of test for petroleum and its products – Petroleum products – Transparent and opaque liquids – Determination of kinematic viscosity

2 referenze normative
I seguenti documenti sono citati nel testo in modo tale che alcuni o tutti i loro contenuti costituiscano i requisiti di questo documento. Per riferimenti datati, si applica solo la versione citata. Per riferimenti non datati, la nuova versione del riferimento (comprese eventuali revisioni) si applica.

ISO 3105, glass capillary kinematic viscometers-Specifications and operating instructions

ISO 3696:1987, Analytical laboratory water use. Specifiche e metodi di prova

ASTM E1137, Standard specification for Industrial Platinum Resistance Thermometers

ASTM E2877, Standard Guide for Digital Contact Thermometers

ISO 3104-2020: Methods of test for petroleum and its products – Petroleum products – Transparent and opaque liquids – Determination of kinematic viscosity

3 Termini e definizioni
Ai fini del presente documento, si applicano i seguenti termini e definizioni.

ISO e IEC mantengono database terminologici per la standardizzazione ai seguenti indirizzi:

– Piattaforma di navigazione online ISO: Disponibile su iso.org/obp

– IEC Electronic Encyclopedia: disponibile su electropedia.org

3.1 Kinematic viscosity ν
The resistance of a fluid to flow under gravity

Osservazione 1: For a gravity flow at a given static pressure head, the pressure head of a liquid is proportional to its density ρ. For any particular viscometer, the flow time of a fixed volume of fluid is proportional to its kinematic viscosity, ν :

ν = η/ρ

Nota 2: where η is the dynamic viscosity coefficient.

3.2 Dynamic viscosity
Dynamic viscosity coefficient

Viscosity η

ISO 3104-2020: Methods of test for petroleum and its products – Petroleum products – Transparent and opaque liquids – Determination of kinematic viscosity

The ratio between the applied shear stress and the shear rate of the liquid

Nota 1: It is a measure of resistance to liquid flow or deformation.

Osservazione 2: The term dynamic viscosity is also used in different contexts to denote frequency-dependent quantities in which shear stress and shear rate have sinusoidal time dependence.

3.3 Density ρ
Mass per unit volume of material at a given temperature