ISO 3104-2020: Methods of test for petroleum and its products – Petroleum products – Transparent and opaque liquids – Determination of kinematic viscosity
Kata Pengantar
ISO (Organisasi Internasional untuk Standardisasi) adalah aliansi global badan standar nasional (badan anggota ISO). Pengembangan standar internasional biasanya dilakukan melalui komite teknis ISO. Setiap lembaga anggota yang berminat pada suatu mata pelajaran yang telah dibentuk panitia teknisnya berhak untuk diwakili dalam panitia tersebut. Organisasi internasional pemerintah dan non-pemerintah yang berhubungan dengan organisasi standardisasi juga terlibat dalam pekerjaan ini. ISO bekerja sama dengan Komisi Elektroteknik Internasional (IEC) tentang segala hal standardisasi kelistrikan.
Prosedur yang digunakan untuk mengembangkan dokumen ini serta yang digunakan untuk pemeliharaan lebih lanjut dijelaskan di Bagian 1 dari Petunjuk ISO/IEC. Secara khusus, perhatian harus diberikan pada kriteria persetujuan berbeda yang diperlukan untuk berbagai jenis dokumen ISO. Dokumen ini telah disusun sesuai dengan aturan editorial Bagian 2 dari Petunjuk ISO/IEC (lihat iso.org/directives).
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ISO 3104-2020: Methods of test for petroleum and its products – Petroleum products – Transparent and opaque liquids – Determination of kinematic viscosity
Nama dagang apa pun yang digunakan dalam dokumen ini disediakan sebagai informasi untuk kenyamanan pengguna dan bukan merupakan dukungan.
Sukarela, related standards and conformity assessment related ISO specific and express the meaning of terminology as well as in relevant ISO technical barriers to trade (TBT) mematuhi prinsip organisasi perdagangan dunia (WTO) informasi, please refer to the iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document is prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 28, Petroleum and related products, fuels and lubricants of natural or synthetic origin.
The third edition cancels and replaces the second edition of the technical revision (ISO 3104:1994).
Dibandingkan dengan edisi sebelumnya, the main changes are as follows:
– Accuracy data has been updated to all actual fuels in the market;
– Biodiesel (FAME) blends and paraffin diesel are included in the scope;
– Includes process description and permission for automation technology.
Umpan balik atau pertanyaan apa pun tentang dokumen ini harus diarahkan ke badan standar nasional pengguna. A full list of these agencies can be found at iso.org/members.html.
ISO 3104-2020: Methods of test for petroleum and its products – Petroleum products – Transparent and opaque liquids – Determination of kinematic viscosity
Perkenalan
Many petroleum products and some non-petroleum materials are used as lubricants, and the proper operation of the equipment depends on the proper viscosity of the liquid used. Selain itu, the viscosity of many petroleum fuels is very important for estimating better storage, handling, and operating conditions. Karena itu, the importance of accurate measurement of viscosity for many product specifications cannot be overstated.
Warnings This document is not intended to address all safety concerns, jika ada, terkait dengan penggunaannya. It is the responsibility of the user of this document to take appropriate steps to ensure the safety and health of personnel and to determine the applicability of any other restrictions before applying this document.
1 Cakupan
This document specifies procedure A for the use of a manual glass visvisometer and procedure B for the use of a glass capillary visvisometer in an automated assembly to determine the kinematic viscosity ν of transparent and opaque liquid petroleum products by measuring the time of a given volume of liquid in a gravimetrically overcalibrated glass capillary visvisometer. The dynamic viscosity η is obtained by multiplying the measured kinematic viscosity by the density ρ of the liquid. The test method covers kinematic viscosity ranging from 0.2 mm2/s to 300 000 mm2/s over a temperature range from -20 °C to +150 °C.
Note that the results obtained from this document depend on the behavior of the sample and are intended to be applied to liquids where shear stress and shear rate are proportional (Newtonian flow behavior). Namun, if the viscosity varies significantly with the shear rate, different results can be obtained from viscometers with different capillary diameters. Program and precision values have been included for residual fuel oils, which in some cases exhibit non-Newtonian behavior.
ISO 3104-2020: Methods of test for petroleum and its products – Petroleum products – Transparent and opaque liquids – Determination of kinematic viscosity
2 Referensi normatif
The following documents are referenced in the text in such a way that some or all of their contents constitute the requirements of this document. Untuk referensi bertanggal, hanya versi yang dikutip yang berlaku. Untuk referensi tidak bertanggal, the new version of the reference (termasuk revisi apa pun) berlaku.
ISO 3105, glass capillary kinematic viscometers-Specifications and operating instructions
ISO 3696:1987, Analytical laboratory water use. Spesifikasi dan metode pengujian
ASTM E1137, Standard specification for Industrial Platinum Resistance Thermometers
ASTM E2877, Standard Guide for Digital Contact Thermometers
ISO 3104-2020: Methods of test for petroleum and its products – Petroleum products – Transparent and opaque liquids – Determination of kinematic viscosity
3 Istilah dan definisi
Untuk keperluan dokumen ini, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO dan IEC memelihara database terminologi untuk standardisasi di alamat berikut:
– Platform penjelajahan online ISO: Tersedia di iso.org/obp
– IEC Electronic Encyclopedia: tersedia di electropedia.org
3.1 Kinematic viscosity ν
The resistance of a fluid to flow under gravity
Remark 1: For a gravity flow at a given static pressure head, the pressure head of a liquid is proportional to its density ρ. For any particular viscometer, the flow time of a fixed volume of fluid is proportional to its kinematic viscosity, ν :
ν = η/ρ
Catatan 2: where η is the dynamic viscosity coefficient.
3.2 Dynamic viscosity
Dynamic viscosity coefficient
Viscosity η
ISO 3104-2020: Methods of test for petroleum and its products – Petroleum products – Transparent and opaque liquids – Determination of kinematic viscosity
The ratio between the applied shear stress and the shear rate of the liquid
Catatan 1: It is a measure of resistance to liquid flow or deformation.
Remark 2: The term dynamic viscosity is also used in different contexts to denote frequency-dependent quantities in which shear stress and shear rate have sinusoidal time dependence.
3.3 Density ρ
Mass per unit volume of material at a given temperature