Interpretation of ISO 15105 Standard: Testing Criteria and Industrial Value for Gas Transmission Rate of Plastic Films

In the quality control of plastic films, sheets and related composite materials, gas transmission rate (GTR) is one of the core performance indicators, which directly determines the applicability of materials in packaging, électronique, domaines médicaux et autres. As a special standard issued by the International Organization for Standardization (OIN), OIN 15105 specifically regulates the determination methods of gas transmission rate for plastic materials, providing a unified and scientific testing basis for relevant industries around the world, and ensuring the consistency of product quality and compatibility of market circulation. This article will comprehensively interpret the core content, technical requirements and industrial applications of the ISO 15105 standard to help practitioners quickly grasp the essence of the standard.

je. Core Positioning and Development Background of ISO 15105 Standard

OIN 15105, whose full name is “Plastics — Film and sheeting — Determination of gas-transmission rate”, is a series of standards developed under the auspices of Subcommittee SC 11 of ISO/TC 61 (Plastics Technical Committee). It aims to solve the problem of differences in test results caused by inconsistent testing methods among different enterprises and regions, and provide an authoritative criterion for the performance evaluation, product design and quality acceptance of plastic materials.
With the wide application of plastic materials in packaging, electronic packaging, medical protection and other fields, the requirements for the barrier performance of materials have become increasingly stringent — for example, food packaging needs to block oxygen and carbon dioxide to extend the shelf life, electronic component packaging needs to block water vapor to protect precision devices, and medical packaging needs to block bacteria and gases to ensure sterility. Against this background, the ISO 15105 standard emerged as the times require and has been continuously updated to adapt to the testing needs of new plastic materials (such as co-extruded materials, laminated materials, and flexible plastic coating materials). Maintenant, it has formed a standard system composed of multiple parts, among which the most core are Part 1 and Part 2.

II. Main Parts and Core Content of ISO 15105 Standard

L'ISO 15105 standard adopts a part-by-part formulation model. Each part regulates different testing methods, clarifies the testing principle, environmental requirements, operation procedures, performance indicators and data processing methods, ensuring the accuracy, repeatability and comparability of test results. The following focuses on the two most widely used parts:
(je) OIN 15105-1: Determination of Gas Transmission Rate by Differential-Pressure Method
OIN 15105-1:2002 is the basic part of this series of standards, which clearly specifies the method principle and operation specifications for determining the gas transmission rate of plastic films, sheets, laminated materials, co-extruded materials and flexible plastic coating materials by the differential-pressure method.
Its core testing principle is: seal the sample in the middle of the test cell to form a fixed pressure difference on both sides of the sample. Introduce test gas (such as oxygen, azote, carbon dioxide, etc.) into one side, and keep the other side in a vacuum or low pressure state. Calculate the amount of gas passing through the sample per unit time and unit area, i.e., gas transmission rate, by detecting the change of gas pressure on the low-pressure side.
The key technical requirements of this part include:
•Environmental control: Clearly specify the range of environmental parameters such as test temperature, humidity and light, avoid the impact of environmental factors on test results, and ensure the consistency of test conditions;
•Sample preparation: Require the sample to be free of damage and wrinkles, with dimensions conforming to the specifications of the test cell. It needs to be placed in the specified environment for a certain period of time in advance to simulate the actual use scenario and reduce the error of the sample itself;
•Equipment calibration: Test equipment (such as pressure sensors, vacuum systems) needs to be calibrated regularly to ensure the accuracy of pressure measurement and reduce equipment errors;
•Operation procedures: Detailedly standardize every link such as sample installation, vacuum extraction, gas introduction, pressure monitoring and data recording, so as to avoid result deviations caused by irregular manual operation.
(II) OIN 15105-2: Determination of Gas Transmission Rate by Equal-Pressure Method
OIN 15105-2:2025 is the updated part of this series of standards, released in 2025 to replace the 2003 version. It specifically regulates the method for determining gas transmission rate by the equal-pressure method, which is applicable to the testing of various plastic materials.
Its core testing principle is different from the differential-pressure method: the pressure on both sides of the sample is kept the same. After the test gas penetrates through the sample from one side, it is carried to the sensor by the carrier gas on the other side. The gas transmission rate is then calculated by detecting the concentration of the test gas in the carrier gas with the sensor. This method is more suitable for the testing of low-transmission rate materials, with higher accuracy, and can effectively avoid the impact of pressure changes on sample performance in the differential-pressure method.
In addition to clarifying the testing principle and operation procedures, this part also defines a number of core terms to provide a unified terminology standard for testing work:
•Gas transmission rate (GTR): The amount of gas passing through plastic materials per unit area, unit time and unit partial pressure difference on both sides of the material (when the test gas is oxygen, it is the oxygen transmission rate);
•Gas permeability coefficient: The amount of gas passing through unit thickness of homogeneous polymer material per unit area, unit time and unit partial pressure difference on both sides of the material, which can be calculated by the product of gas transmission rate and material thickness;
•Effective permeation area: The actual area of the sample in the transmission cell that allows gas to permeate through;
•Carrier gas: The gas used to carry the test gas that has permeated through the sample to the sensor.
En outre, the appendix of ISO 15105-2:2025 also provides specific method examples in practical applications, facilitating practitioners to flexibly apply the standard according to different materials and testing needs.

III. Core Characteristics and Advantages of ISO 15105 Standard

As an internationally accepted standard, OIN 15105 has the following significant characteristics, making it widely used in relevant industries around the world:
1.Authority and universality: Developed under the auspices of the ISO organization, it has been recognized by most countries and regions in the world. Whenever it involves the detection of gas transmission rate of plastic materials in any industry or region, it can be operated in accordance with this standard, ensuring the comparability of test results among different enterprises and institutions, and promoting the circulation and cooperation of the international market;
2.Scientificity and rigor: The standard carefully regulates every link such as test environment, préparation d'échantillon, equipment calibration and operation procedures, effectively reducing errors caused by environmental, equipment, human and other factors, ensuring the authenticity and reliability of test results, and providing a solid foundation for product quality evaluation;
3.Applicability and forward-looking: It covers various plastic materials such as films, sheets, laminated materials and co-extruded materials, adapting to the testing needs of different application scenarios; en même temps, the standard will be continuously updated according to technological development and industry needs (such as the update of ISO 15105-2 from the 2003 version to the 2025 version), adapting to the development of new materials and testing technologies;
4.Practicality and guidance: The content of the standard is easy to understand, with clear operation procedures. En même temps, it provides term definitions and method examples, which is not only applicable to professional testing institutions, but also can provide clear guidance for internal quality control of enterprises, helping enterprises optimize product design and improve product quality.

IV. Industrial Application Scenarios of ISO 15105 Standard

The application of ISO 15105 standard runs through the whole process of plastic material production, product processing, quality testing and market acceptance, covering many key industries. The specific application scenarios are as follows:
(je) Packaging Industry (Core Application Field)
The packaging industry is the most widely used field of ISO 15105 standard, especially food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic packaging. Par exemple, in food packaging, by detecting the oxygen transmission rate of plastic films in accordance with the ISO 15105 standard, it can be judged whether the packaging can effectively block oxygen and extend the shelf life of food; in pharmaceutical packaging, it is necessary to detect the gas transmission rate to ensure the tightness of the packaging, prevent drugs from being damp, oxidized or contaminated, and ensure the quality and safety of drugs.
(II) Electronic and Electrical Industry
Precision devices in electronic and electrical products (such as chips and sensors) have extremely high requirements for the gas barrier performance of packaging materials. It is necessary to detect the water vapor and oxygen transmission rate of packaging films in accordance with the ISO 15105 standard to prevent water vapor and oxygen from entering the packaging, leading to corrosion, short circuit or performance degradation of the devices, and ensuring the reliability and service life of electronic products.
(III) Medical Industry
Disposable medical supplies in the medical field (such as syringe packaging and surgical instrument packaging) need to adopt sterile packaging. By detecting the gas transmission rate of packaging materials in accordance with the ISO 15105 standard, it can be ensured that the packaging can effectively block bacteria, viruses and harmful gases, maintain the sterile environment inside the packaging, and ensure the safety and effectiveness of medical supplies.
(IV) Plastic Material Production Industry
Plastic material manufacturers can conduct factory inspection on the produced films, sheets and other products in accordance with the ISO 15105 standard to ensure that the gas barrier performance of the products meets customer needs and industry standards, and improve product competitiveness; en même temps, they can optimize the production process (such as adjusting material formulas and improving processing parameters) through standard test data to improve product quality.

V. Implementation Significance and Industrial Impact of ISO 15105 Standard

The implementation of ISO 15105 standard not only provides a unified criterion for the detection of gas transmission rate of plastic materials, but also has important significance for the standardized development of the entire industry, the improvement of product quality and international cooperation:
From the enterprise level, conducting testing in accordance with the ISO 15105 standard can help enterprises establish a sound quality control system, accurately grasp product performance, reduce the production of unqualified products, and reduce production costs; en même temps, products that meet international standards are more likely to be recognized by the market, improve the competitiveness of enterprises in domestic and foreign markets, and help enterprises expand the international market.
From the industry level, the ISO 15105 standard unifies testing methods and performance indicators, standardizes the market order, eliminates low-quality products that do not meet the standards, and promotes the industry to develop in the direction of high quality and standardization; en même temps, the update and iteration of the standard can also drive the progress of testing technology and plastic material technology, and promote the technological innovation and sustainable development of the industry.
From the consumer level, the implementation of the ISO 15105 standard can ensure the quality and safety of plastic packaging, électronique, medical and other products on the market, protect the legitimate rights and interests of consumers, and enhance consumers’ trust in products.

VI. Summary and Outlook

As an international standard for the detection of gas transmission rate of plastic materials, OIN 15105, with its authority, scientificity and practicality, has become an indispensable quality control tool for relevant industries around the world, covering the whole process of material production, product processing and testing and acceptance, and providing strong support for the high-quality development of packaging, électronique, medical and other industries.
With the continuous innovation of plastic materials and the continuous expansion of application scenarios, the ISO 15105 standard will also be continuously updated and improved to further adapt to the needs of new materials (such as biodegradable plastics) and testing technologies, and promote the industry to develop in the direction of green, efficient and high quality. For enterprises, in-depth understanding and strict compliance with the ISO 15105 standard is not only the key to improving product quality, but also an important measure to cope with international market competition and achieve sustainable development. In the future, with the continuous improvement of global requirements for product quality and safety, the application scope of the ISO 15105 standard will be further expanded, and its core role in the development of the industry will become more prominent.

Our product GA-5050-B Differential Pressure Gas Permeator meets this standard.

Perméateur de gaz à pression différentielle

Normes:
OIN 15105-1、OIN 2556、GB/T 1038-2000、ASTM D1434、JIS K7126-1、YBB00082003

Utiliser
Instrument de perméabilité aux gaz par méthode de pression différentielle basé sur le principe de test de la méthode de pression différentielle, est un testeur professionnel de perméabilité aux gaz pour les échantillons de films, adapté au film plastique, matériau à haute barrière en film composite, feuille, feuille métallique à différentes températures de perméabilité aux gaz et mesure du coefficient de perméabilité aux gaz.

Caractéristiques du produit
can determine the gas sample at the same time through the amount and transmission coefficient of gas
can meet three cavity completely independent testing
large plage, contrôle de haute précision de la température et de l'humidité, meet the test of various kinds of experimental conditions
provide proportion, the fuzzy judgment models and time three trials process model
test range according to the need to expand, to meet the requirements of the large transmittance test
support of toxic gases and flammable and explosive gas testing (coutume)
adopt pneumatic clamping sample, convenient and quick
system adopts electronic intelligent control, the whole test process automatically
provide a quick calibration standard membrane, to ensure the accuracy of the testing data
products comply with GMP level permissions
the micro printer, note print test results at any time
special computer communication software, test can be real-time display and data analysis processing, data saving
equipped with USB common data interface, transfert de données pratique

Principe du test
L'instrument adopte le principe du test de pression différentielle. L'échantillon prétraité est placé entre les chambres d'essai supérieure et inférieure et serré fermement.. Tout d'abord, la chambre basse pression (chambre basse) Vacuum treatment, and then vacuum the whole system; Lorsque le degré de vide spécifié est atteint, the lower chamber of the test is closed and the high voltage chamber (chambre haute) is charged
Enter a certain pressure of the test gas, and ensure that a constant pressure difference is formed on both sides of the sample (Ajustable); So the gas will act on the pressure gradient
In use, through the high pressure side and low pressure side penetration, through the low pressure side of the monitoring treatment, so as to obtain the test sample barrier parameters.

Spécifications des applications