ISO 3104-2020: Methods of test for petroleum and its products – Petroleum products – Transparent and opaque liquids – Determination of kinematic viscosity
'n Voorwoord
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ISO 3104-2020: Methods of test for petroleum and its products – Petroleum products – Transparent and opaque liquids – Determination of kinematic viscosity
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Hierdie dokument is voorberei deur Tegniese Komitee ISO/TC 28, Petroleum and related products, fuels and lubricants of natural or synthetic origin.
The third edition cancels and replaces the second edition of the technical revision (ISO 3104:1994).
Compared with the previous edition, the main changes are as follows:
– Accuracy data has been updated to all actual fuels in the market;
– Biodiesel (FAME) blends and paraffin diesel are included in the scope;
– Includes process description and permission for automation technology.
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ISO 3104-2020: Methods of test for petroleum and its products – Petroleum products – Transparent and opaque liquids – Determination of kinematic viscosity
Inleiding
Many petroleum products and some non-petroleum materials are used as lubricants, and the proper operation of the equipment depends on the proper viscosity of the liquid used. Daarby, the viscosity of many petroleum fuels is very important for estimating better storage, handling, and operating conditions. Daarom, the importance of accurate measurement of viscosity for many product specifications cannot be overstated.
Warnings This document is not intended to address all safety concerns, indien enige, verband hou met die gebruik daarvan. It is the responsibility of the user of this document to take appropriate steps to ensure the safety and health of personnel and to determine the applicability of any other restrictions before applying this document.
1 Omvang
This document specifies procedure A for the use of a manual glass visvisometer and procedure B for the use of a glass capillary visvisometer in an automated assembly to determine the kinematic viscosity ν of transparent and opaque liquid petroleum products by measuring the time of a given volume of liquid in a gravimetrically overcalibrated glass capillary visvisometer. The dynamic viscosity η is obtained by multiplying the measured kinematic viscosity by the density ρ of the liquid. The test method covers kinematic viscosity ranging from 0.2 mm2/s to 300 000 mm2/s over a temperature range from -20 °C to +150 °C.
Note that the results obtained from this document depend on the behavior of the sample and are intended to be applied to liquids where shear stress and shear rate are proportional (Newtonian flow behavior). Egter, if the viscosity varies significantly with the shear rate, different results can be obtained from viscometers with different capillary diameters. Program and precision values have been included for residual fuel oils, which in some cases exhibit non-Newtonian behavior.
ISO 3104-2020: Methods of test for petroleum and its products – Petroleum products – Transparent and opaque liquids – Determination of kinematic viscosity
2 Normatiewe verwysings
The following documents are referenced in the text in such a way that some or all of their contents constitute the requirements of this document. Vir gedateerde verwysings, slegs die aangehaalde weergawe is van toepassing. Vir ongedateerde verwysings, the new version of the reference (insluitend enige hersienings) van toepassing is.
ISO 3105, glass capillary kinematic viscometers-Specifications and operating instructions
ISO 3696:1987, Analytical laboratory water use. Spesifikasies en toetsmetodes
ASTM E1137, Standard specification for Industrial Platinum Resistance Thermometers
ASTM E2877, Standard Guide for Digital Contact Thermometers
ISO 3104-2020: Methods of test for petroleum and its products – Petroleum products – Transparent and opaque liquids – Determination of kinematic viscosity
3 Terme en definisies
Vir die doeleindes van hierdie dokument, Die volgende terme en definisies is van toepassing.
ISO en IEC hou terminologiedatabasisse vir standaardisering by die volgende adresse in stand:
– ISO aanlyn blaai platform: Beskikbaar by iso.org/obp
– IEC Electronic Encyclopedia: beskikbaar by electropedia.org
3.1 Kinematic viscosity ν
The resistance of a fluid to flow under gravity
Opmerking 1: For a gravity flow at a given static pressure head, the pressure head of a liquid is proportional to its density ρ. For any particular viscometer, the flow time of a fixed volume of fluid is proportional to its kinematic viscosity, ν :
ν = η/ρ
Let wel 2: where η is the dynamic viscosity coefficient.
3.2 Dynamic viscosity
Dynamic viscosity coefficient
Viscosity η
ISO 3104-2020: Methods of test for petroleum and its products – Petroleum products – Transparent and opaque liquids – Determination of kinematic viscosity
The ratio between the applied shear stress and the shear rate of the liquid
Let wel 1: It is a measure of resistance to liquid flow or deformation.
Opmerking 2: The term dynamic viscosity is also used in different contexts to denote frequency-dependent quantities in which shear stress and shear rate have sinusoidal time dependence.
3.3 Density ρ
Mass per unit volume of material at a given temperature